![]() ![]() These were some of the special facts about Harappan civilization. Some towns like Mohenjodaro, Harappa, and Lothal had elaborate storage facilities. For instance, in Mohenjodaro, a very special tank, called the Great Bath, by historians, was built in this area. ![]() In several cities, special structures were constructed on the citadel. The walls were laid in an interlocking pattern, making the buildings strong. The bricks were so excellently baked that they survived centuries. The walls of the baked brick were built around each part of the city. The eastern part was larger, but the lower part was called the lower town. The western part, which was smaller but higher, was called the citadel. ![]() These cities have been divided into two or more parts. These are mainly found in Western and Central India and are described as non-Harappan Chalcolithic cultures. The origin and development of these cultures has been placed in the chronological span between 2000 BC–700 BC. These were basically very rural in nature. These Chalcolithic cultures which did lay out of the Harappan zone were not that rich in nature and flourishing. It has brought prosperity to the Harappan people, and they were able to set up different cities.īy around 2000 BC, several regional cultures had developed in the different parts of the subcontinent which were also based on the usage of stone and copper tools. It also gave way to the promotion of exchange or trading contracts with distant regions. This has led to the production of larger surpluses, to feed and help non-agricultural people such as artisans, administrators, etc. It is believed that the technology that was used to exploit the fertile plains of river Indus might have caused the increase of agricultural production. It developed from different Neolithic villages. The Harappan civilization did not appear suddenly. These Harappan sites have been found around the Indus River, proving the existence of the Indus Valley Civilization. ![]() Soon after, the discovery of cities such as Lothal, Dholavira, Mohenjodaro, and Kalibangan, have also come to be known as the Harappan cities or the advent of the Harappan civilization. Harappa is known to be a 4700-year-old city in the subcontinent that was discovered around the time of 1920. The famous palace of the Koch kings still stands in Cooch Behar City.Harappa was among the earliest cities in the subcontinent to be discovered. Earlier, the northern region of Bengal was ruled by the Koch Dynasty. The princely state of Cooch Behar was included in the political map of Bengal after Independence. He renamed the region of Shashanka's Karna Suvarna as Murshidabad. Born a Hindu Brahmin in Deccan India, Murshid took the throne as the Nawab of Bengal. Murshid Quli Khan alias Ala ud-Daulah was the last Mughal Subahdar of Bengal under the reign of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I. Mughal emperors such as Akbar, Jahangir and Aurangzeb placed high regard for the Bengal province and were also aware of the riches this region had to offer. Governance was at stake and the socio-political integrity of Bengal was under severe crisis.ĭistricts or Subahs were distributed among the allies and commandants of the Mughal Empire. Islamic rulers under the banners of Khilji Dynasty (1200 CE - 1230 CE), the Mamluk Sultanate (1227 CE - 1281 CE), the Tughlaq Sultanate (1324 CE - 1339 CE), the kingdom of Ilyas Shahi (1435 - 1487), the Suri Empire (1532 - 1555) were primarily looters. Medieval history of India, including Bengal, is that of Sultanates, invasions, plunder, cultural reform and architectural genius. The Palas were also known for their war elephant cavalry and strong naval fleet. Epics and sagas were written such as the 'Mangal Kavyas'. It was during this period that the Bengali language was formed in its entirety. Followers of Buddhist philosophy, the Pala kings promoted classical Indian philosophy, literature, painting and sculpture studies. Often dubbed as the 'Golden Age' of Bengal, the Pala Empire indeed raised the standards of Bengal's culture and politics. Their last king Kalipada Singha Thakur became the king of Mallabhum in 1930 and 'ruled' till his death in 1983. The Malla kings ruled the western provinces of Bengal from the seventh century and their dynasty can be traced to this date. What we know as Bankura, a western district in modern day West Bengal, was once known as Mallabhum, the land of the Mallas. Shashanka's capital, Karna Suvarna is now known as Murshidabad. He is infamous for oppressing Buddhist communities and driving them out of Bengal. Shashanka was a strong ruler who developed Bengal's architecture and calendar. But it was during the rule of King Shashanka that Bengal witnessed another flourishing period. After the Mauryan Empire, other kingdoms and dynasties such as the Gupta, Kanvas, Shungas, and the Mahameghavahanas ascended to the throne of Bengal. ![]()
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